Optical apparatus and method of using the same



LYSLE.'

OTICAL APPARATUS AND METHOD OF USING THEy SAME .Filed April 2, 1926 v sheewsnee-b /NVEN Tof? EdrzmfnHfgS/e,

W'TNESS u' e@ frroRA/r' Fb. l1, 1927.

E. H. LYSLE OPTICAL PPARATUS AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME Filed April 2, 1926 HTTH/VEY y gli@ E. H. L YSLE i OPTICAL APPARATUS AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME Feb.. 1, 1927. 1,616,054 y Filed April 2, 192e 7 sneetsheet 4 1 Y Q. M

EL' .5: (F" E Eff 67,25 EFC l f @f Edmond Z55/e.

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1 firToR/YEY Feb, 1 1927.

` E. H. LYSL OPTICAL APPgmATUs AND METHOD oF Ausine THE SAME '7 She'etSY-Sheel 5 F11@ April 2. 1926 95- if, l fi V93 TTHNEY Feb. 1, 1927,Y

v E. H. LYSLE P'rIcAL APPARATUS ANDMETHOD oF usm; THE; SAME Filed m11 2, 1926 v she'ef-shet' 6 /NVENTR gdmoncZH/gs/e,

r Feb'. I1- 19.27. v E. H. LYsLE l GPTICAL A.APPARATUS AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME lFiled April 2', 1926 7 sheets-sheet v Edfawdf/W/g.

' -A #fromme-Y Patented Feira 'lllo nDMoiti-i n. Lasten,

OPTICAL ARTS NB METED appii'eaiion fue@ apra 2,. ieee. serie-i ne. salse.

My invention relates to optical apparatus and tovthe'mcthod or recordingl and projecting images of objects in motion and more particularlv to a mechanismivheiein the movement of the sensitized tilm or 'the positive prints is continuous, as distinguished from intermittent, and in which a iixedllens system is continuously open,

. as distinguished from being Yintermittently opened and closed by a shutter mechanism operated synchronously with the film.

'.lhe present day, standard nini .used for projecting moving pictures consists ot' a-celluloid tape about 13/8 inches wide, perforated alongl opposite edges for 'the reception 'of the teeth ot sprocket Wheels' ior impelling` the tape longitudinally,- and the `space between ftlieseriesor rows of perilorations forthe sprocket teeth is substantially one inch. The individual pictures are rectangular in shape and the dimensions of each are practically one inch Wide and three-fourths of an inch high.;l

The lonadimension (Width) of each pief ture is disposed at right angles to 'the edges of the ilin and the adjacent edges oi successive pictures are practically contiguous. 'lhe peiforations for the driving sprocket Wheels are preferably spaced about si); to the inch so that there would be tour perfoi-ations foreach picture, in the direction ot' the height of each picturea The above dimensions are not exact but they are approximately correct. rThe above serves to indicate, for purposes et comparison, what, is meant by a present day7 or standard lilm referred tobeloiv and as a basis upon Which to niake'plain the princiwill continuously make a successive series of ifihotographicV records on a sensitized film7 or will eont'inuously project a consecutive seriesof photographic prints of an object in `motion by the use of a single series oi double reflector units continuousl movin@p tl'irouc'h a u .'l l h b the area of the illumination ot a continuously open single lens o r lens system.

A further object et fmy invention is 'to provide an improved optical deviceparticularly adapted to be used as a camera for making a photographic record of objects in motion,` upon a photographic recording` medium or sensit-izediilm` which is continuously moving, in such a manner as to mainen@ eig tain the moving iilni relatively stationary with respect to the axis oir' the lens system as reflected by a successive series of reflectors the present day7 standard motion pic-- ture camera in vvhicli the exposures are eon- 'trolled by a shutter Ywhich is intermittently opened and closed and in which the film is ii'iterniittently moved and stopped. l

It further object ot' my invention is to provide an improved optical device for maintainingian optically precise and fixed and stationary relationship between the optical center of a single fixed lens system and tliatpoition of a constantly/moving yphotographic medium which is in the 'field of' the illumination of the lens by the use oi a series et reflectors., continuouslyy moving through the principal axis of a continuouslyY open tine-d single lens system at right 'angles thereto: and in a plane parallel to 'the lilin.

fi. further object of my invention is to provide an in'ipi-oived optical device adapted to be used as a camera 'for forming on continuously moving` photographie niedium a contiguous and consecutive succession et related photographie records of the consecutii'e phases et' an object, especially vwhen iii motion.. and by the use ot' a. siii-ale lens s vsleiii which, is continuouslyv open, each individual record being rectangular and having)` two of its sides parallel to the edges et the i'ilni.

il. fui-'theiobjcct oi' my invention is to (instruct a camera or projector of the type or kind 'above indicated inV such a manner that a single series of double reflecting units, in conjunction with a continuously open single fixed lens system are sui'iieient to record en or project from a film which is or may be exactly like the standard" lilin non' ordinarily used in taking or pio jecting motion picturesKW the vsuccessive exposurcs or individual igii'ctures on the film being of the same size, and arranged or disposed on 'the tape or ribbon in 'exactly tliesaine vsay as they are in present day standard ihna viz with the horizon `transverse te 'the lilin.

ii- 'further object of my invention is to project from or record en a continuously moving film' by the use of a moving series of reflectors and a continuously open lens system and as the result of two and only two continuous motions, one a continuous rectilinearV movement of the reflectors through the area of illumination of the open lens 'system and, the' -other a continuous rectilinear movement ofthe film through the said areal of illumination of the lens system, as reflected by said refiectors', said` movements being in planes parallel to each other, the directions ofthe said movements dof the reflectors and y'film being at acuteV angles to each other, and the'ratio of the linear speed of the film to that of the refiectoi'sbeing constant, 4said angle and said speed being determined by the 4dimensions j of the Iindividual picturesonthe film and their spacing on the film and of course will vary as -tlie dimensions and spacing of the pictures vary. When adjacent individ' ual pictures are contiguous this ratio is de- 4 terinined bythe dimensions of theA individi ject a' standard film by'conti-nuously (not intermittently) moving' .it through a continuouslyv (not intermittently) open fixed lens system. l' j A A further object of my invention is to provide a belt or similar device,moving in a .definite timed relation Witl1`respect to. the

Vfilm and to the series of reflectors, to limit the area of the sensitized surface of the film which iseXposed to the light reflected thereto' from the lens, and to prevent the exposure of any part of the film, outside of ysaid areayto light reflected towardl the film from the reflector then cooperating'with said area.

A further object is to control and regulate the length of time to which the portions of the film, recording successive positions of an object, are exposed to the action of light entering the device through the lens systeml by a traveling member, provided with a -series of openings therethrough, and travglin at an angle to the direction of the tra-vel of the film-and to the travel of the reflectors, one component moving across the film, adjacent the sensitized surface of the .film in the same timev that the refiectors `travel the Widths of the film and another component moving inthe direction of the' film at the same speed as that ofthe Further objects of my invention will :ip-

pear in the specification and claims below.

Referring to the drawings forming a part of this specification and in which the same reference characters are employed throughout the various views to desgnate the same parts, Y i j 4Fi g. 1 is a side elevational view with parts shown in vertical zcross-section and with parts broken away for the sake of clearness of my improved optical apparatus which is capable of being used either as a photolgraphic -recorder of objects in motion or a projector ofa film having thereon successive pictures of an object in motion.

F 2 is a horizontal sectional View on the line 24-2 of Fig. 1.'

`F ig. S'is a front; elevational view of the Iseries of reflectors mounted on the carrier therefor and in the frame or support therefor.

Figs. .4, 5, 6 and 7 'are diagrammatic views showing the manner in which the photo graphic record or `the projection thereof from a film is effected; the manner and directions in which the film and the series of refiectors travel; the manner in which the exposure or projection is effected, except for an instant, simultaneously through twoad! ,l

acent picture spaces of the film, the manner in which the angle which the reflectors must make with respect to the line of the travel of the reflectors is determined and the photo-I graphie manner in which the film is maintained in xed relation to the optical centerof the lens system as reflected thereto by the `moving reflectors during the recording ot' or the projecting of a series of pictures of an object in motion.

Figs. vv8 and 9 show in detail, a mounting for a reflecting prism. Fig. 10 is a fragmentary section of the driving connection for lthe carriers;

Fig. 11 is a plan view of the same apparatus shown in Fig. 2 in connection with which is shown the mechanism for` imparting a A traveling motion to a belt or similar device having a series of rhomboidal openings therein through which light, refiected from the traveling reflectors, passes to the sensitized surface of the film and is employed when the device is used as a camera, for recording successive positions of an object;

Fig. 12 is a side elevational view ofthe belt operating mechanism shown in Fig. 11, together with only so much of the optical device previously illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, as will serve to showexactly how the said mechanism may be mounted in or on the optical devicev and how it may be operated thereby;

Fig. 13 is a plan full detail view of the platel which is .partially shown, in Figs. 1

geraete jin a suitable box or casing 1 on a wall 2 on vwhich 1s rlgidly mounted a mam basey or support 8 fromV which rises two spaced uprights 4 and 5 having respectively hearings Gand 7 for the main driving shaft 8 jonrnaled therein. Rigidly secured to the said. shaft are driving gears 9, the teeth 10v of which are adapted to mesh into coacting teeth 11 of the racks-12A on the underside of' va series of plat-es 13, each of which is practically a link of a. continuous link chain. (in the front and back sides of each plate 13 are lugs 14 through which extend pins or pintles 15 whereby each link or plate is pivotally connected or hinged to. the adjacent link or plate 13. It is to this series of plates or chains that the rediectors,k tofbe referred to below, are rigidly secured and by which the'series of reflectors are caused to travel, during a portion' of their complete cyclical movement, in a straight linethrough or across the field of illumination and in a plane, at right angles to the prineipalaxis of a fixed lens system of the optical device.

The ends of the pins or pintles 15 extend beyond the sides of the plate ,links or reiector carriers and it is upon the ends of these pinsI that the links, plates or carriers 13 are supported. ln their orbital movement the ends of thepins come into engagement. with and rest upon two pairs of' idler wheels 16, 1G and 17, 17 respectively rigidly mo'unted in shafts 1S, 19 respectively -jonrnaled in bearings 20, 21, 22 and 23 provided in the uprights 4, 5. In passing around the idler wheels 1G, 16, 17, 17,`theendsl of the pins or pintles 15 rest on these idler wheels disposed 'on opposite sides of the chain oi links or carri-ers 13. Betweenv the pairs ot idler wheels 16, 16 and 17 and 17 the-pins 15 slide into and through upper guideways 24 on opposite sides of the chain or carrier and the lower guideways 25, both sets of guideways being formed in or supported by the Aupright supports 4, 5J In this way the pintles or pins '1 5 are caused to travel in straight lines between the idlers andthrough semicircular paths around the idlers. In order that ,the carriers or plates 13 may freely turn with respect to each other during their travel around the idler wheels without binding or interference of any kind, one with the other, the plane of the axes of the pintles 0r pins 15 should be and preferably are -in the plane of the free ends of the teeth 11 of the racks 12. (See Fig. 10.)

` The guideways 24V and 25 are preferably so arranged and disposed that the racks 12 on the backs of the plates or carriers 13 mesh with the teeth-'10 or the gear9 during the forward and during the ret-,urn movements of the said plates or carriers 13 and atpoints midway between the pairs ot' idler wheels 16, 16 and 17, 17 respectively. and bottom of the driving gear '9 meshes with the racks 12 on the inner or under side of theplates 13. v

To the top or outer Yface of each plate or carrier 13 is secured, in any suitable manner,

The top.

a retiector holder 2G in which is fixedly secured, as by the clamps 26, a double reflector 27 which may comprise a triangular prism of glass having two reflecting surfaces 27 and'27 invention are disposed at an angle (if-9o@ to each other. These prisms or reflectors 27- are mounted on said refiector holders 26 with their apices adjacent the outer surfaceotl the link or carrier for the same and with theirbases disposed in a plane parallel to the plane passing through the axes ot' the pintlcs or pins 15. 'ln other words,l the plane of the base 27 of each prism will be parallel tothe plane passing through the path of. the axes of the pins or pintles during their rectilinear travel between the idlers andthe planes of the reflecting surfaces 27 and 27 of the reflector unit will each be4 disposed at angles of 45o tothe plane of the base 27 of the prism.

The planes ofthe parallel sides of the prisms and the longer sides of the rectilinear base ot the prisms are disposedat an angle to the direction of the travel of the chain or `series ot' carriers 13. This angle is determined by the size of the individual exposure and the spacing of adjacent pic.- tures on `the film flectors 27 is in a plane parallel to the plane of the film and in direction it makes an acute angle with aline normal to-t-he edge of the film. This anglewill vary. depending upon the size and spacing ottheindividual pictures on the film but the trigonometrical tangent ofthis angle between Ithe-line of travel of' the -prisms and a line normal to the direction of the travel of the film is the ratio of one-half of the spacing of adjacent exposures orindividual pictures to the width of such exposure or picture.

Thus, in an ordinary.standard film, individual exposures are substantially contiguous or edge to edge and the width or long diniension of each exposure is transverse io the film. The height of each exposure is disposed longitudinallyof the film.

the.

which. in the preferred form of my rlhe travel of the reist length of t efilm, straightacross the film' between the perforations at the edges thereof. With such a film one-half of the height or the 'spacing of individual exposures or pictures would be three-eighths (1.37 of an inch and the tangent of the angle above referred to would be, therefore, .375 1:.37 500, which is the tangent of the angle O 33 2l when the side edges of adjacent exposures are coincident and veach exposure is 125% inches. y

. lVith such a. film, then, the angle W, (Fig. 4) which the direction of the travel of 'the prism would make to a plane normal to the `d iretion of the travel of the prism would be 20 33 2l". This, however,- will be referred to'again below, the above being merely for the purpose of clearly bringing out exactly what is the manner of ascertaining in what path the prism must travel with res ect to the film and whenso ascertained and) fixed the long edge ofv theprism must be parallel to the-direction of the travel of the film. This then determines the angle e( that the refiectors must be disposed with.' .respect to the carriers therefor.

` Motion may be imparted to the maindriving shaft 8in an suitable mannerland for v and meshing with a beveled. gear `29 rigidly the purpose of this disclosure, the said shaft is shown (Fig. 2) as provided with a beveled gear 28 fast to the end of the said shaft 8 secured to the inner end of a relatively short crank shaft 30 passing through the walll of the casing lland mounted to rotate in a bearing 32 carried by said wall. The'v outer end of said shaft 30 is provided with a crank and handle 33 for turning the crank shaft 30 manually and imparting a rotative movement to the driving gear 9. By means of this mechanism the series of prisms 27 are caused to travel in the direction indicated by the arrows 34 witlrthe right hand corner of the base of each prism (referring to Fig. 2) in advance of any other portion of that prism. The width of leach prism is theoret- 'ically equal to the width of the exposure transversely of the film and with the ordinary and standard film above referred to, this corresponds to the distance between the marginal sprocket-wheel perforations along the edges of the film and is, generally speaking, an inch. For the purposes of calculation in this specification, the width of each individual exposure on the film is assumed to be one inch and the height three-fourths of an inch, and the width (smaller dimension) of the base of eachprism 'is assumed to be one inch and inpassing through the field when moving in a straight path in which case the shortest distance between the forward edge of the base of one prism and the forward edge of the next should be the Width of the exposure to wit, one inch.

Similarly, if the adJacent edges of adjacent exposures or pictures were not coincident then to maintain the relationship v-of l 3@ assumed, the distance from the forward edge of a picture or exposure to the forward edge of the next exposure or picture must be the said three-fourths of an inch.

The film moving mechanism maybe and preferably is driven from the main shaft 8 and in the'embodiment of my invention herein shown is effected by the following mechanism. The shaft 8 is provided with a skew-gear 35 fast to the shaft 8 and -rotat'- ing therewith. This gear 35, therefore, must rotate in the direction of the arrow 36. The u ightsupport 4 is provided with an outwar ly projecting lug 37 terminating in a vertical bearing 38 in which is journaled the lower end'of a vertical shaft 39 rovided gear 35. The up er end of the vertical -shaft 39 is journalhd in a bearing 41 projecting laterally from a bearing42 extending outwardly from the side plate or sulpport 43 of the film feeding` mechanism. This spiral gear 49 meshing with a spiral gear 5() on the end of the shaft 48. )Vith the gear 35 turning in the direction indicated" by the `arrow 36, the :spiral gears 35, 40,

49 and 50.are so arranged as to drivethe spiral gear 50 on the shaft 48. in the direction of the arrow 5l (Fig. Il). On theshaft 48 of the film feeding mechanism are mounted two sprocket wheels 52, 52, adapted to engage and respectively mesh. With the perforations 53, 53 on opposite sides of the edges ofthe film 54.

The detailsof the film box or film feeding mechanism are not to be construed as being limited to the exact details herein shown and described` it being only essential that the film be held optically stationary `in vof the vertical shaft l39 is-provided with a or with a-spiralgear 40 meshing with t e spiral aereas@ will cause the film to move the height of an f inches which is the hypothenuse of the triindividual exposure (three-fourths of an 1nch"1n thestandard film) while the prisms move a linear distance of substantially l angle the short side of which is three-eighths (g) of an inch andthe long side of which is one (l) inch.

For -this purpose of making the explanation ofthe mechanism as simple as possible. the parts are so proportioned and arranged in the drawingsl of this specification that six prisms pass a given point for every revolution of the driving gear 9 andthe sprocket wheels 52 for driving the film are shown as having twenty-four t 24) teeth. Since the spacing or height of adjacent' ex- :posures on the film is three-fourths of gan inch and'the dimension ofan individual .exposure measured transverse to the film (width) is one inch, and since there are four perforations to the inchin the tape or ribbon for every exposure, the circumference vof the smooth portion of the sprocket wheel at the base of the teeth against which the film ispressed is made equal to six times the height of an `individual'exposure (1l/2 inches), and since the shafts 8 and 48 are geared to make the same number of revolutionsin a given unit of time, then the linear speed of the film will be to the speed of the prisms as 4 is to 6, with the result that the film will move a distance equal to the height of an exposure while a prism is moving across .the film a distance equal to the width of an exposure.

lTo this endthen the circumference of the s rocket wheels 52 are shown vas equal to vt e width of sixv individual exposures and the. gearing between .the shaft 8 and the shaft 48 is such as tomake the shaft 48 rotate at the same angular speed as that of thezshaft 8, the intermeshing gears being all of the same size in the train of gearing between the shaft 8 and the shaft 48.

Between the downwardly depending plates or sides 43, 46 of the fil/m box are journaled two guide rollers 55, 56 which may be mounted in joulnals fixed with respect to the plates 43, 46. These rollers 55, 56 are prefl ,verably of thesame size and their axes are in a plane parallel to the plane of the bases of the prisms 27 while they are passing through the field. of illumination of the lens,A

system. For'lholding the film firmly a ainst the rollers 55, 56 I- provide a plate 5 the corne-.YS 0f the plate being prqvided with upturned ears or lugs 58 having slots 59 therein through which pass the shafts 60, 6l of the guide rollers 55, 56 respectively.

|Thus, the plate 57 can slide vertically over the shafts 60, 6l as guides. The plate is preferably held drawn upwardly and held at the upper limit of its motion by springs 62,

62, the lower ends of which are attached to y plate and the rollers to travel. greater or wider than the thickness of the film so that the film in passing under the rollers may float on the plate 57. ,To provide this space,

the side plates 43, 46 may be provided with shoulders 64, whie are drawn upwardly into engagementwith stop pins by the springs 62. K- This plate 57 is provided with an opening 66 therethrough in the shape of a parallelogram, the length of the longer opposite sides of which is twice the height of an individual exposure (1l/Z inches) and the distance between the said sides of which is equal to the width (substantially one inch) of an individual exposure. The tangent of this acute angle Y (see Fig. 4), therefore, which this short side of the parallelogram makes with a line at right angles to the direction of thetape' will be theratio of 324411 or .75000, which is substantially the tangent of an angle of 36 52 1l, and the acute angle Z of the rhomboidal opening itself will, therefore, be 53 7 49". These angles, however, will be referred to again below in connection with the diagrammatic views 4 to 7 To go back to the construction of the .mechanisim the front wall 67 of the. box or casing l is provided with` an opening 68 in which is mounted a suitable fixed lens system 69. This lens or lens system 69 is continuously open during the operation of the device. Itis never closed while a photographic record is being made or projected. The axis of said lens system69 in the present instance is in a plane passing vertically and longitudinally through the middle of that portion of the film 54 which is immediately over the opening 66 inthe plate 57. In order to reflect the light entering the casing l through the lens system 69 I provide ay mirror or reflector 70 mounting itl preferably between the two side plates 43 and 46 of the film feeding mechanism support. The reflecting surface 70 of this mirror 70 is set at 45 to the ofthe axis of the lens system is clearly shown in Fig. 1 as 71, 72, the line 71 passing through the center of the lens 69 and striking against the reflecting surfaces 70 of the mirror or reflector 70 and the line 72 passing downwardly from the reflector 70 to the reflecting surface 27. Up to the time of its incidence with the reflecting surface 27 the position of the principal axis of the lens system is stationary with respect to the stationary parts of the apparatus, but

the axis after reflection from the surface 27 moves transversely. Thus the reflected portion" 73 moves in a vertical plane as the .reflector 27 .c travels and the portion 74, reflected vertically from the reflecting surface 27 travels longitudinally. When used yasa camera, so long as a reflector 27- is in the field of illumination of the lens system 69 ,the light reflected therefrom is directed upwardly against the lower sensitized surfacey of the film -54 and at right angles to the plane of the film.v

When the device is to be used as a projector the film 54 is a series of positives or pictures 7 5 and the wall 7 6 of the casing 1 will be provided with a suitable opening 77, always closed as by a cap 78 when the device is being used as a camera. Light admitted Athrough this opening 77 passes directly through an `opening 79 in the side plate 46 ofv the film feeding mechanism and thence directly'within the, loop of the film. Here within the casing for the film moving mechanism and between the side plates 43, 46, I mount a mirror 8O so positioned that its reflecting surface' SO makes an angle of to the direction ofthe light entering the o ening 77 and hence directs' light direct y downwardly on to and through the film and thence through the opening 66 of the plate 57 to the reflectingr surface 27 ot the double reflectors 27 under the opening, thence to the reflecting surfaces 27 and thence upwardly against the mirror or peflectxgr 70 and thence out through the open lens system 69.

The film operating mechanism will he provided, of course, with vpressure rollers Sl adaptedto hold the film 'firmly on the teeth of the sprocket wheels 52, 52. The film 54 enters the casing through a suitable slot 82 and makes its exitv through another slot 83. A sensitized film will, of

course, be in a light-proof film-box tightly connected to the wall 45' so that the' film will not-be light struck in its passage into and out ofthe casing 1 or exposed to light at any point in the casing 1 except where itis under the rhomboidal opening 66 in the plate 57.

Referring now to the diagrammatic illustration'of Figs. 4 to 7, the reflector or mirror 70 is omitted for the sake of clear- 'ness andthe light opening is directly over the surface 27.

In describing the relations and motions of the prisms orjreflectors and the film it will be perhaps more simple to first describe the apparatus as a projector rather lthan as a'camera, although the operation of the device as a camera is substantially but.

the reverse of that of the projector, except as to the belt and the mechanism for moving the same, as will be described below.

In Fig. 4-areindicated in plan viewthree adjacent reflect-ors 27 to each of which, and to its reflecting surfaces 27 and 27 I will add a characteristic letter (A, B, C) to clearly distinguish between them in the diagrams; thus 27A, 27!5, etc. and tothe consecutive pictures or exposures on the film I will add a distinguishing letter zu b, c etc. The rhomboidal opening 66 is ,also indicatedv and the film 54 is in its proper ,position with respect to the rhombodial opening'66 and with respectto the prisms 27A. 27B, 27 C. f

In Fig. 4 is diagrammatically shown the l relative positions of three reflectors 27A, 27B and 27C; three adjacent pictures or exposures 75, 75d, 75C; when'the axis of the lens system is in alinement with the center of the reflecting surface 27 13. The sizes of the parts and of the individual pictures are in proportion.

Now the shape, size and position of the rhomboidal opening 66 is readily determined as follows: The upper long side of the opening is the length of and coincident with the top edges of adjacent pictures 75c and 7 5d. The lower long side of the opening 66 is coincident with bottom edges of adjacent pictures 7 5d and 750. The short sides of the rhomboidal openings G6 are respectively diagonals of pictures 75c and 75.

Frein this layout vthe direction orf the travel of the reflectors is readily determined by drawing' a line 84 from the upper lefthand corner of the opening 66 and the upper left-hand corner of the picture 75 when they arc coincidcntto a point midway be,- tween the opposite'short sides of the picture 75C. for the speed of the component of the motion of the reflector in the direction of the movement` of the film should be one-half the speed of the film. In'liig. 4 the parts are shown at the beginning of a cycle of operations am] movements. The picture 75" is directly over the middle ol" thc reflecting surface 27 of the reflector 27.- The only reflector which is active at this moment is the reflecting 'surface 27BA that is directly under the picture 75d. That is projected ont through the opening 68 of the lens system as image.

The adjacent reflectors 27A and 27C are 75 vand that alone is reflected out through through the openng 68 of the lens system.

the lens opening 68. rThus neither the circle 85e of picture 75e nor the cross SGC of the picture 75". although over the reflecting surface 27', is reflected out of the opening (S of' the lens systemY (39 hy reflectiiig surface 27" as clearly shown vin Fig. 4. The. film steadily moves to the right a distance equal to the width of ali-.individual exposure or picture while a 'refletor moves along the line S4 until it has conn pletelvpassed under the film or the height of anexposure 75. lNow moving at these speeds and' in the, directions ahove stated that position shown in Fig. 5 is reached. The reflector 27A has moved part wayunder the film 54 and .alittle to the right of the position shown inFig. 4, so that the upper part of the picture 75 is over 'the reflector 27A and the lower part of the picture. T5 is over the reflector 27B. This movement will continuo until the film and prisms have progressed tothe position shown in Fig. 5 when equal parts of the picturesI or exposures 75d and 'T50 are over equal parts of the reflecting surfaces 27^. 27 of the reflectors 27A and 27B respectively, as indicated hy the shading in Fig. 5. -The shaded portions of pictures 75 and T5 are all that would he reflect-ed at any time out of the opening (i8 of the' lens system.

In thelFig.l 5 the shaded half of 75C is over the reflecting surfaces 27^ of douhle reflector 27A and the shaded portion of picture is over tllereflecting surface 278 of reflector 27B; Thus the arrow head on picture t'cand which lies o ver the reflect-ing surface 275I of reflector 2i".sh is caught on reflector surface 2T, is `reflected to surfacci QTA thence upwardly where it appears in the top half of the projected image ST.

. The cross 86 on the upper half of pi'fiurc.

75 will also he caughtfhy reflecting surface 27^. `reflectc d over a reflecting surface 27 and thence upwardly to the upper half vof thc image S7 and through the o )enirnr P71 P" h fifa of the lens system. Similarly, the lower half of negatlvc d which is over a port-ion of reflector 2T" and containing the feather of the arrow and the circle d is caught hy the reflecting surface 97, is reflected over to reflecting surface 27'." whence it is reflect- I- ed outwardly through the lens opening (58 and forms the lower halfof image 82. The arrow head of picture 75d which lies over the reflector 27A may he caught on reflect ing surface 27m* but its reflection verticall v from reflecting surface ZTA is not through the opening 68 of the lenssysfem and forms no part of the 'image 87. It will now he apparent that the shaded portions of two adjacent picturesY appearing within lthe lrhombodial opening 66 of the diagrams are combined by their respective reflectors to form the complete image projected out ,is traveling across the film.

In that travel across the openingone 1ndivldual picture develops, as it. were, until 1t reaches the pos1t1on shown in Fig. 4 and .diminishes or rolls up as it traverses the second half of its travel across the opening fill. This movement is progressive and continues throughout the operation of the film and series of prisms. The corners of the exposed portions of two adjacent pictures follow down the shorter sides of the rhomhoidal opening and exceptfor an instant, in one position, which is shown in Fig. 4, theimage ST is composed always of reflections from coi-nplemental parts of two -adja'ent individual pictures 75 on the film.

-And soinusing the deviceas acamera for making a photographic record of an object in motion, the lightentering the lens is always caught, except for one instant (corresponding to Fig. 4). on two reflecting surfaces 2T and reflected respectively to two adjacent parts of the` film and two complemental parts as reflected hy the double reflectors 28 simultaneously progressively ex` pose two adjacent picture surfaces on the film. The exposure of each individual `picture section or portion of the film, is a progressive exposure starting' at one narrow'- nay apparatus some part of the filmis hong exposed all the time the coacting reflector It 1s possible, therefore, to get a longer exposure of each individual negative with the use ofmy 1mproved camera than it is with those cameras which have a.- shutter n'iechanism which is intermittently opened and'closed and in which the exposure can only he made while the film is motionelss. 0r. conversely, if the length of' the exposure in the ordinary' amera is sufficient to obtain a satisfactory negative. then by use'of my a pparatusman y more individual negatives may he made in the given length of time than can he made with the ordinary shutter controlled camera.

In the above description of my improved mechanism. I have purposely omitted, for the sake of clearness. reference to a mechanism which is employed in and forms a part of the mechanisl'n heretofore described, when the device is used for a camera., To try to illustrate this mechanism superposed over the plan View vshown Fig. 2 or in the lUl) Y. elevational view shown in Fig. 1 would render the drawings more complex and in` volved than it would be if reference 'thereto wereoinitted in the general description of the construction and the relation of thefilm and ,reflectors of -the projector and camera. This additional mechanism just referred to is not necessary when the device' is usedas a projector but when it is used as a camera it is desirable to limit the area of the 'exposure of the sensitized surface of the film to the exact dimensions of the picture to be photographically formed on 'the film. If thisf'aiea were not limited,.the fogging of the negative on each side of the picture or a double exposure of the same sensitized surfacewould result. I

When the device is to` be used as Aa camera, therefore, I arrange a traveling belt or similar structure having a series of openings therein each of the size ofthe picture to be formed on the sensitized surface of the film and move this belt in such a manner that the opening thereinwwill 'progress transversely acrossthe film in exactly the same manner /that a single exposure is made on the film is. effected.-

, For this purpose, it will be observed that I have shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the side plate 43 as provided with an opening or slot 8 8 and the side plate 46 as provided with a l similar slot 89, andA I have shown 4an idler 'roller'90 mounted between the side Aplates 43 and 46 to lcarry the film 54 clear of the slot' se. i

The pressure plate 57 is shown in greater detail in Fig. 13 than it is in Fig. l and is preferably provided on its lower side with a pair of parallel guideways 91 extending parallel to the short sides of the rhomboidal opening 66 therein, in whichv a belt 92 is adapted to travel or be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow 93. In Fig. 11 is shown in plan view, the belt driving mechanism ydisposed over the reflecting prisms 27 and the way it-isfdisposedangu larly with respect to the .film.54. -This belt 92 isprovided with aeseries of like substantially rectangular openings 94 and in the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 1, wherein is shown'the top course or level v of the belt, the direction of this upper course of the belt will beinthe direction of the arrow 95. `lrn this form of my invent-ion then, what may be termed the forward nai.'- iow side of an opening 94 will be in alinenient with what may be properly termed the narrow rear side -94b of the opening 94 in advance thereof, andthe left hand '-'side 94c of an opening 94 will be in alinement with,A the right side 94d of the opening in advance A thereof. If t'he openings were,

exactly like theexposures on the film, the

' corners of the openings would coincide and bevel the corners of eachopening as clearly shown in Fig. 11 to maintain the integrity of the film. These openings 94 are preferably of approximately the same size andshape (except for the beveled corners) of a single complete lexposure .on the film. When, therefore, the exposure is, as we 'have heretofore assumed to be, viz, 1% of an inch. high and one inch wide, the openings 94 -will be 5% of an inch wide find one inch long.

where a full exposure of the film is desired.

The belt 92 is provided with two rows of marginal perforations 96, 96 adapted to` be engaged by suitable teeth 97 on the driving sprocket wheels 98, 98 which may. be supported on a driving shaft`99 journaled in suitable bearings 109 andl 101 provided in arms 102 and 103 respectively of a bracket 104 rigidly secured as by bolts 105 t the lside plate 46 of the film driving mechanism.

rl`he upper course ofithe belt 92 preferably upper endof which is journaled in a bracket 109 on the arm 102and the lower end of which is journaled -in a bracket 113 land is provided with a bevel gear 110 meshing with a bevel gear 111 of the same'size as bevel gear 110, andl mounted on the end of the shaft 112 mounted to rotate in a suitable bearing bracket A113. .The other end of a. shaft 112 is preferably provided with a skew ioo gear 114, meshing with the underside of the, skew gear 35 on the shaft 8. Preferably the gears 35 and, 114 are'of the same size, the gears and 111 are of the same size,

and the gears 106 and 107 are Iof the same size, so that the shaft 99 will have the same angular speed' of rotation as the shaft 108.

This is for the purpose of making it comparatively easy to determine the diameter of the driving sprocket wheels 98, 98 which will produce the correct speed of the belt 92 with'respect to the traveling speed of the reflectors 27 and to the linear speed of thel film 54. Following then the same method that. was employed in determining the size,

of the film sprocket wheels 52, 52, if the periphery of the sprocket wheels 98, 98 be six times the diagonal of a rectangle, one side of which isone inch long and the other side of which is of an inch long, then six opeiiings 94 will pass a4 given point in the same `rlength of time that six reflectors 27 will pass the same point and also while six times 3XL of an inch of film will pass the saine point.

Having thus determined the circumference, (and consequently the diameter) of the driving sprocket wheels 98, the-lowest point vention shown in Fig. 1 the space between the -lowest part of thefilm driving sprocket q `idler roller 123 preferably journa 25 wheels 52 and the plate 57 is limited, that is to say, it'fis less than the diameter of the :belt driving sprocket wheels 98 and therefore the diameter of the idler sprocket wheels 115, A115 should be such that their highest points are in the plane of the slots 88 and 89. I, therefore, further preferably provide an ed in arms 124and, 125 .extending upwardly from-the arms 102l and 103 so positioned as to maintaintlie upper course of the belt 92 horizontally and in the plane of the slots 88 and 89 before the be-lt passes to the driving sprocket wheels 98. Y

When provided then with this belt 92 and properly Vthe lower course ofthe beltin its travel across the film beneat-li the film will move exactly as the pictures, for instance, 75 and 75d of Fig. traverse across or develop on the film 54 and only that area of sensitized lfilm which is to receive light in lfcrming a picture thereon will be exposed to the field of illumination of the lens through that opening 94,- as one opening 94 travels across the film in the same manner that the picture 751passes through or Aunder the open-A ing 66 in the plate 57, then the next openi'ng will follow down and across the film following the manner in lwhich the picture 5c is caused-to traverse through the field of illumination of the lens and those portions of' the filxh beyond all four edges of a given opening willbe protected from the light,

entering the camera and projected against the film, exactly in the same way that an individual picture'. of an exposed film is proiccted and unfolded as clearly shown in Figs. 4] to 7.

In. Fig. 15 I have shown a modified form of belt particularly adapted for shortening the time of the exposures ofthe individual pictures. Thus; when the conditions under which a particular picture is taken areA WUsuch"th'atthe time required for the traverse.A

' Y 'of alarge opening94 over the film 92 would result inan over exposure of the plate, then `I may useA a belt 92 like `the belt 92 preadjusted, each opening 94 in vioiisly described, but in which the openings 94 in the belt 92 are less than an inch long in -the direction of the travel of belt 92 transverse tothe film 54, but 3/4 of an inch wide, as ibefore. This shortened opening thus reduces the time that a particular section of the film cooperating therewith is exposed to the'action of' the light entering through the lens. My invention, therefore,

contemplates a set of belts with openings of various lengths transverse to lthe travel of" the film to `enablev the operator to vary the time of exposure of the film, as may be necessary or desirable, by using a belthaving lan opening 94 of appropriate length.v

It is to be clearly understood that the belt 92 1n no way interferes with or cuts offthe finder sight'or path for projector light from the opening77 to the reflector 80 and that the sprocket wheels 98, 98 are shown-as the driving sprocket wheels for the belt 92 for the mere purpose of illustrating one way in'which motion may be imparted to the belt by a mechanism clearly out of any path4 of lightA heretofore described, into, out of, or through the mechanism, but my invention is not to be construed as limited to the exact means for driving the belt, so long as the proper speed and path of travel of the belt in a plane between the lens and the film and adjacent the exposed surface of the film is maintained. l And in projecting paratus, one picture is always developing into the next without flicker or interruption of any kind :for substantially the same.amount of light is ,continually passing through the lens to the screen and is never interrupted.

Vhile in the form my invention' herein above described, the refiecting surfaces 27 and 27" of each reflector unit 27 are disposed at an angle of' 90 to each other and atangles of 45o-to the plane parallel to the `plane of movement. thereof, my invention alsocontemplates a construction wherein with-my improved apsuch reflecting surfaces may make any other f suitable angle with each other and lesser or greater angles with the plane of movement of the refiector units so long as the angle which one of the said refiecting surfaces make with the said plane is the same as that which the other reflectiii surface makes therewith. The triangle :ormed'by the intersecting planes of the refiecting surl faces and the plane 1277 through the outer -edges thereof should be an isosceles triangle.

There are instances when a greater angle.

than 90 between the reflecting surfaces 27 and 27V of a reflector unit 27 might be an advantage, as for instance, in order to conveniently mount the lens 69 in the wall 45 and to provide ample space for the pas'- sa'ge of lthe light from such lens so located 27, thereby dispensing with an intermedi-d I ate reflector 70.

, face 127.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic View showing the relations of the planes of motion of the `film and the relative positionsof the lens Vhen the reflecting surfaces 127 andl 127" of the reflectornnit 127 make an angle of 105o to each other they must each make angles of "371/20 With lthe base line or planef127. lnethis modification the .part 172 of the'axis of the lens which passes directly through the center of the lens 69 is not normal to the base line 127' which is parallel to the plane of the movement of the unit, but it does make such an angle With the reflecting surface -127 that its angle of incidence (37150) is .equal to the angle of the reflection (371/20) from the refiectingsurln this respect the arrangement is like that previously described in that` the angles of incidence on one reflecting surface 27 and reflecting from the other reflecting surface 27 are similarly alike in the embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 1 to 7. And While'the plane 154 of the travel of the film 54 in the modification shown in Figs. 16 and 17 is not parallel tothe plane of movement 127' of the refiector unit 127 nor normal to the portion 172 'of the axis of the lens between the lens '69`and the' reflector 127, it is nevertheless normal to the reflected' portion 174 of the axis of the lens system as it is in the previously' describedA construction wherein the plane in Whichl the film lies is normal tothe reflected axes 74.

In Fig.` 17 is indicated, diagrammatically, three consecutive positions of a reflector unit l27 and from this it Will be seen Vthat' as the finit travels, the distance 172, 173, 174 between the lens 69 and the surface ofthe film 54 is maintained constant, just as it was in the previously described construction and that the ratio between the linear speed of the film and the component of the motion of the units in a plane parallel to the-direction of the film will be as 2 to 1 as it was in the previously described construction, But in this arrangement, that component of the speed of t-he reflector which is disposed in the plane of its own motion and longitudinally to the film (from the first apex on aereos@ the left of Fig. 17 to the next apex) will be appreciably greater than onehalf the shortest distance between the corresponding.

lines 174 which represent the reflectedvaxes of the lens and thus indicate the height of (for instance the triangle ',l`.) the hypoth-l enuse of' which is a line comprising the distance between said reflected axes 17.4 and 174 as the same is measured in a plane 127" parallel to the plane of' movement of the reflector units; and to cause the reflected axes to travel the height of an exposure on` the film,`that.is to say a distance co-extensive with the length of the base-line ot' *said triangle, the reflectors must move a distance equal to one-halfI the length of the hypothenuse thereof. The film 54 will be stationary with respect to qthe reflected area of illuminationof the lenssystem While the film travels a distance equal to the heightof one exposure or picture on the film, if' the component of the motionof the reflector unit I127 in 'the direction 154 of' the travel of the film 54 is one-half of that of the film, and if the component of the motion of' the reflector unit 127 transverse or across the film 54 be as 4 to 3, as in the previously described and preferred construction when the dimensions of the individual pictures or exposures are as 4 to 3. Except-as tothe details illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17 the operation of the modified construction and the principles involved therein, will be like those first above described and-illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7.

In both constructions the reflectors are arranged to travel in or parallel to a plane,

which is normal to a plane bisecting the angle which the reflecting surfaces make two components, at right angles to each other in the plane of the film one component normal to the direction of the travel of the film and the. 'other parallel to the direction of the film.

The speed of the reflectors in their plane of movement is such that the speed of the component in the plane of the film` transverse to the film bears the relation to the speed of the film that the Width of the in`- dividual exposure bears to the height of the" exposure and the speed of the other component in the plane of the film bears the` relation tothe speed of the film of 1 2, i. e., the speed of the film is twice the speed of that component of the movement of the reflector which lies in the plane of the film and is parallel to the direction of the Inovement of the film. 'r

In my ,improved apparatus, theoperative spirit and scope of the invention claimed 65.

reflectors are in a fixed stationary relation'- ship with respect to each other at all times.

l-By this I mean that the reflectors 69 and tance between them is. always the same.

77 do not move and liave.`notliing to ldo except to. change the direction of the'axis for convenience in getting the 'iight into and out of the apparatus, vThe operative re flectois are the tv'vo reflecting surfaces 27', 27 of the double reflectors 27. They are fixed with respect to each other; they do not` move with respect to. each other; the disstantially two operativepa-rts which have to move and ,move accurately with respect to,

each other, namely, the film and the series of double reflectors, but thesen'iovements are in fixed easily determined plancsjand proper speeds an directions of the move- -ments are.`rel-ative1y easyr to attain.- The filml is always normal to the reflected axis of l the lens system. The `angle bf the direction of the travel o f the reflectors through the field of illumination of the lens system is controlled and determined by the height .and the spacing of the adjacent pictures and with that accurately determined andaccompli'shed it is a comparatively simple matter to provide gearing or sprockets of sn'ch a* pitch asto move the filma distance equal to the width or narrow dimension of zinindividual picture portion. of the. film, while a'reflector rinitis completely'passing underthat individual picture-portion ofthe In referring to the sidesof the casing as top; front, and back of the casing, it is to .be understood that these' terms are rela- ,tive for it can readily be seen that if the apparatus might bei turned through QOJ to make the height ofthe object being photo# graphed Vappear in the individual pictures as parallel tokthe short` dimensions of the picture and that the lens could be readilyplaced inthe Wall and the lightpassed directl u on the. reflecting surf-aces 27 of it being sought in this specification to de@ each reflector unit, thus dispensing with the reflector 70 and the. surfaces 27" and. 27"

could be spaced further from eachother Without lchanging-the operation of the de; vice in the slightest, provided the angular disposition of said surfaces is maintained as above described. `Those detailshowever,

are not important to the present invention,

scribe in detail1 the principles and modes of ily be made without departing from the herein.

While I-have referred 'to the belt 92-as comprising a flexible opaque band Withopenings therethrough adapted to register-with and framethose portions of the film on which the exposure is 'being made, 'I do not' its surface except'tliose parts, the' edges of I which would correspond' to the edges of the openings in the belt 92 so that the belt will consist of" an opaque banid having a series of transparent rectangular, or substantially rectangular, clear openings or windows therein through'wli'icli.light may passI to the sensitized surface of the film 54,'said band being moved in the same timed rela tionsliip with respect to the film and the series of Areflectors as that which'I have above described. For the purpoe of this description, therefore, the opening in the belt may comprise la hole therethrough or' a trans.-v parent portion or 'Window in the otherwise opaque belt.

And in both recording and projectingI in natural colors such a film as I have aber described is very Well adapted, for veach o i the transparent rectangular portions of the film may be given a. transparent primary color insa predeterminedsequence for both" recording pictures and in projecting them. Thus. one transparent opening may bc colored red, the next blue and the next green and so on, repeating such a sequeiicc.tlii .u1gli-4 out the .length of'the belt, so that the successive exposures (in photographing) .will be formed or made throngh'an Vappropriate color screen. as is usual in colorphotography and in projecting a moving picture made in natural colors from a negative formed through such color screens, a corresponding color screen would he used, traveling in the .saine manner and at the same speed as in 1 recording` and preferably located in the same plane, as in recording, adjacent the film and between it and the lens to project the' nictures in their natural colors. It is one of the objects of mv invention to record and project in naturalcolors successive positions of an object in motion` by the use of the continuously moving film and a continuously open lens, by the use ofthe. continuously moving series of rcflectorsand a continu# ously moving series of color screens maintained in registry. with the progressive exposure of the individual exposure on such a film. i v

Whein therefore, the apparatus istluis to be used for recording and project-ing in natural colors, the belts 92, or a modification 92 thereof` as shown in Fig. 15, will form an essential part of the projector as well as of the camera, and it is to be understood that this mechanism is to be considered as a part of, and not an addition to,'thc invention herein claimed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters l' Patentof the` United States is:

1. In an optical apparatus, the combina. tion with a continuously open fixed lens system and a film, of two coactingreflecting surfaces, means to move'one reflecting sur- 171 face through the field of illumination of said lens system in a path disposed at right angles to the principal axis of said lens system and the other reflecting surface through a path parallel to the path of said first-mentioned .2U reflecting surface. said two reflecting surfaces being stationary with respect to each other and disposed inplanes yat right angles to each 'other and respectively making angles ofllf with the principal axis of the lens system, and-means to move said film over said second reflecting 'surface in a plane parallel to the plane of the movement of said reflecting surfaces and at right angles to the line of intersection of the planes of said eoacting reflectors at a speed which maintains said film stationary with respect to the principal axis of said lens system as reflected from said secondreflecting surface.

2. In anoptical appa latus, the combination with a continuously open fixed lens system and a film, of two coacting reflecting surfaces, means to move one reflecting survface through the field of illumination of said lens system 1in a path at right angles 40 to the principal axis of said lens system and the other reflecting surface through a path parallel to 'that of said first reflecting surface, said tvvo reflecting surfaces being stationary with respect to each other and disposed in;y planes at right angles `to each other and respectively making an angle of 45o with the principal axis of said lens system and means to move said film over said second reflecting surface in the plane parallel to the plane of the movement of said reflecting surfaces and at right angles to the line of the intersection of said coacting reflectors, in

a direction making an angle to the direction of the movement of said reflectingsurfaces and at a speed which maintains saidfilm stationary with respect to the principal axis .of said lens system as reflected from said second reflecting surface. i

In an optical apparatus, the combination with a continuously open fixed lens system and a film, of a reflector having two coacting reflecting surfaces fixed with respect to each other and disposed at an angle of 90O to each other,ymeans to move said reflector in a right line with one reflecting surface passing through the field of illumisurfaces and at right angles` to the intersectionof the .planes of said coacting` re- 'flcctorsand in a direction at an angle to the direction of said reflecting surfaces.

4. In an optical apparatus, the combination with a continuously open fixed lens system and a film, of 'a reflectorhaving two coacting` reflecting surfaces fixed witlrrespect to each other and disposed at an angle' of 90o to'each other, means to move said reflector in a right line with one reflecting surface passing through the field of illumination of said lens system in a path ds posed at right angles to the principal axis of said lens system, the planes` of said reflecting surfaces being dispo3ed at 45o to the principal' axis of said lens system, and

means to continuously movea film over said second reflecting surface ina plane parallel to the `plane of the movement of said reflecting surface and at right angles to the intersection ofthe planes of said 'coacting reflectors and in a direction at an angle tol the direction of travel of'said reflecting surfaces, whereby the movement of the reflector has two components at right angles to each other, one component being in the direction of the movement of thefilm and at a linear speed of one-half of that of the film.

5. In an optical apparatus,.the combination with a` continuously open fixed lens system and a film, of a reflector having two coacting reflecting surfaces fixed with'respect to each other and disposed at an angle of 90o to'each other, means to move said reflectors in a right line with one reflecting surface passingv through the field of illumination of said lens system in a path disposed at right angles to the principal axis of said lens system, the planes of said reflecting surfaces being disposed at 45 to the principal axis of said lens system, and means to continuously move a film over said second re- `fleeting surface in a plane parallel to the plane of the movement of said reflectingsurface and at right angles to the intersection of the planes of said coacting reflectors and in a direction at an angle to the direction of said reecting surfaces, whereby the movement of the reflectors has two -compo-' nents at right angles to each other, one component being in the direction of the movement of the film at a linear speed of one-half -of that of the film and Ythe other component bengat right 'angles to the direction of the movementof the film and at a linear speed bearing the same ratio to the linear speed of the film that the widtho'f an individual exposure has to the height of said exposure.

, 6.l In an optical apparatus, the combinal tion with a continuously open fixed lens system and a film, of a reflector having tivo y coacting reflecting surfaces fixed With respect to'each other and disposed at an angle of 90 to each other, means to move Said reflectors in a right line with one ,reflecting surface passing through the field of illumi` nation of said, lens system in a path disposed at right angles to the principalaxis of said lens system, the plane of said reflecting sur l5 facesbeing disposed at 45 to the principal a-Xis of said lens system," and means to continuously move a film over said second reflecting surface in avplane parallel to the 4plane of the movement of said reflecting surface and at right angles tothe intersection of the planes of saidycoagting reflectors and 'in a direction at an angleJ to the lirection of `raid reflecting surfaces, wherein'` the movementof thereflectors has two components 25..;at rightfangles to each other, one component beingin the direction of the movement ofthe film at.-a linear'speed of onehalf of that of thev film andthe4 other -component being at right angles to the direction of the move- 50 ment of the'film` and at alinear speed bearing the same ratio to the linear speed of the' film that the width of an individual exposure has to the height of, said exposure,

the Width of each reflecting surface being I 55 equal to the Width of the individual picture ou the film;

7. In an optical apparatus',` the combina-- tion with .a continuouslyy open lens system and a film, vof a reflector having two coactv40 ing reflecting'surfaces stationary with rey spect to each other and making an angle of 90 With each other, means to move said reflectors to carry one of said 'reflecting surfaces through the field of illumination of 45 vsaid lens -system inA .a path at right angles to the principal axis of said lenssystem, means to continuously move a film over `said second reflecting surface in a plane parallel to the plane of the movement 'of said re- `fleeting surfaces and at right angles to the j line of intersection ot the planes of said coacting surfaces, the direction of the movement'of said reflectors with respect to said film being transverse to said film and at an acute angle to the direction of the film,

f whereby tlie\inovenientA of the reflectors has tivo components at right' angles ltoy each 4 other` one component inthe direction of the travel of the film and the other component ,GO at right angles to the direction of the travel of the film,'the 'angle ofthe movement of the reflectors being such 'and the' linear speed of the reflectors being "such, tliatwtl'e".

reflectors move in the direction of the travel of the film at one-half of the linear speed .flector to carry one of said reflecting sur- `secondreflecting surface in a plane parallel fiector in a plane parallel to the path of the and a film, of a reflector having two coact- ,ing reflecting surfaces stationary 'With rel spect to each other and making ari langle of 90 Wit-h each other, meanstomove said re faces through the field of illumination o'f said lens system in a path at right angles to the principal axis of said lens system, means to continuously move a yfilm over said to the plane of the movement ofsaid reflecting surfaces and at right angles tol the line of intersection of the planes of said coacting surfaces, the direction of the move- Y. ment of said reflectors with respect to said film being transverse to said film andv at an acute angle to the direction'i of the film, -whereby the movement of theA reflectors has two components at right'angles to each other, one component i'n the direction of the travel of the film and the other component at right anglesto the direction of the -travel of the film, the angle of the movement of the reflectors being such and the linear speed of the reflectors being such, that the reflectors move in the direction of the travel of the film at one-half of the linear speed of thei film ,and across the film While the film is moving through a distance equal to the height of an individual exposure, the width of each reflector being equal to the WidthV of an individual exposure.

9. In an optical apparatus, the combination With a Acontinuously open fixed lens system and a film, of two coacting reflecting surfaces stationarily fixed With respect to each other and disposed at an angle of 90 with respect to each other and at angles of 45 to the principal axis ofthe lens system, means. to move one reflecting surface through the field of illumination of' said lens system in a path at right angles to the principal -axis of said lens system, and means to move a film over the second rcmovement, of said reflector and 1n a direction at right anglesto the intersection of the planes of said reflecting surfaces, the ratio of linear speed of the reflectors to that of the film being that the film travels substantially the height of an individual exposure in the same time that the reflecting surfaces move across the exposed portion of said film, the angle of the direction of the travel of the reflectors With respect to .the direction of the travel of. the film being such that thefilm is stationary with respect to the principal axis of the lens system as reflected from said second reflecting surface while 

